The best Side of CLBO Crystal
The best Side of CLBO Crystal
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We summarized The existing growth status from the high-ability DUV laser both equally with the wavelength of FHG in the one-μm laser and at 193 nm. The new progress of the reliable-point out/fiber laser, plus the nonlinear optical crystals, prompts not only the common ability but also the beam good quality (coherence) of your DUV lasers to an unprecedented level.
For illustration, the current concave OC could get replaced by a plane mirror which could mitigate the facility density about the surface area of M1 plus the diamond. Furthermore, employing large damage threshold coatings for M1 and diamond would also Enhance the output electrical power with none damages. Then, the NIR laser within the 2nd Stokes wavelength might be superior ample, as well as its fantastic beam top quality, to crank out the ultimate DUV laser at 193 nm by using a large ordinary electrical power.
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Due to the thermal lens outcome in the good-condition lasers, If your heating management is inadequate, It's not at all simple to acquire the strong-condition laser having a significant energy and also a large beam good quality simultaneously. Not too long ago, with the event of The skinny disk laser and one-crystal fiber (SCF) laser, a significant-ability laser at the fundamental wavelength (one μm) had been recognized with a great beam high quality Despite having a TEM00 manner beam [4,24], which would be very good candidates for the basic of the DUV laser generation. A further candidate for the fundamental will be the higher-energy fiber laser which can be achieved by coherent beam mix with M2 value a lot less than one.
On the opposite facet, the power scaling of your NIR laser is an additional aspect to improve the average ability in the 193-nm DUV laser. Mainly because of the insufficient the high-electric power amplification Answer with the NIR laser (as an example at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency procedures such as optical parameter oscillation (OPO) could possibly be placed on establish a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from 1 μm to the desired wavelength along with acquiring relative bigger energy [21]. Not too long ago, a diamond Raman laser showed its capability in reaching a higher energy along with a high conversion efficiency for the 1st Stokes of your one-μm laser [22,23], which means the likelihood being utilized from the 193-nm DUV laser era as a consequence of its significant Raman obtain and enormous frequency change.
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Cesium Lithium Borate (CsLiB6O10 or CLBO) is the simplest non-linear crystal which generates ultraviolet harmonics in the Nd:YAG elementary laser wavelength. In an effort to greatly enhance the problems threshold, small CLBO floor roughness, by extremely-precision machining, is required. Because the CLBO crystal has straightforward hydroscopic reaction and micro scratches in machining, extremely-specific machining of the CLBO crystal is really a tough technological challenge.
The beam profile revealed in Determine 7b shown a good beam quality as among the deserves of Raman laser, which might be valuable to crank out a 193-nm DUV laser with a top quality beam.
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The development in the 193-nm laser was shown by levels of SFG. To be able to scale the DUV laser electricity effectively, a fresh strategy of your 193-nm DUV laser generation is presented depending on the diamond Raman laser.